A miles grass, He Qingqing; miles Bu, not raw
Chinese Peking Opera, Dong Zhuo, Facebook is a big white face.
evaluation by the Peking Opera course of historical figures do not fly, but Dong Zhuo is really bad, the bad guys are bad, not bad to non-repeatable, but also called unprecedented. Folk history books have not really spread, but it is a basic evaluation of the history of Dong Zhuo, it failed ah.
control the political affairs of both the legitimacy of Dong Zhuo, anyway, the emperor is The problem is ascended the throne after the ruler killing other decisions affect the whole empire. Dong apparently did not realize he had the opportunity to become version 2.0 of Qin Emperor, he Caiduo is whether the principle of national affairs embrace personal financial benefit, if Dong is just a landed gentry, he damage at most one; if he is a party princes, the most will harm an area; Unfortunately, Dong Zhuo those in power, it will harm the country, the National People do not agree.
difficult to understand why I like Dong hug all the money into their own pockets, have ruled the world, the world is full of you rich, it can be and worry about the world, after the world to enjoy . Dong Zhuo is clearly no such consciousness, his motto is:
you are my, my, or mine.
outside the capital Chang'an, Dong Zong Bing direct looting; in Changan, Dong Zhuo did robbed even more ridiculous than one thing: the world emperor received 12 gold and copper casting bronze melted, cast a little money.
so-called little money, in the end how much light, there is no recorded archaeological finds from the present point of view, must be lighter than 2 baht money, no arms, no money edge profile, is simply broken. Come out a little money, and made Chang a stone probably 3-4 million meters of money, although three baht, four baht is also a wealth of plunder, but whatever the outcome, or coins, and the implementation of the court to rely on their reputation. Dong penny fully implemented by force, it is not mint coins, is naked robbery.
predators when the survival of predatory exceed the limit, they will turn to plunder their associates, with little money to pay the army soon Dong paragraph. No matter how powerful ruler, the real loss of popular support, the military will ledge, and even turned the knife-edge, because they themselves are predators. Dong Zhuo's fate, of course he deserved in the end, had to support his men (Lu Bu, Li Su) kill him,
green Zijin, Youyouwoxin
worship the Kingdoms
However, too high to see Cao Cao Luo Guanzhong, whether pre-Riboud, Liu Biao,Discount UGG boots, Yuan Shao, or later Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Cao Cao is basically no one to listen to the command. Historical facts, and no emperor Cao Cao, at most only the king, but is
debut only when Cao Cao, Dong Zhuo is catching up in power, but also Burongyia. 186, Cao Cao Dong to avoid being killed, In the policy, the implementation of Mita Cao Cao, the recruitment of displaced persons cultivate the land, harvest, split with the army forty-six; of local residents, rent is assigned a percentage tax. Most importantly, Cao Cao against local despots annexation of land. Dong Cao Cao
much better than in a way, he is hero of the Han Dynasty.
Shu and Wu also introduced China Farming policy, but in vain, because they do not land against tyrannical merger. Can not bring their own dry food to accompany the people fled to Shu Huang Shu way, how much food to eat that, ah, Huang Shu family did not surplus ah.
Wei Cao Cao, and later did not coin, the money has been used five baht. This is not because he was too busy to cut out Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Chinese and five baht after the ban on the money a little money into circulation, the war in which people almost starved to death, then there is the remaining switch (not mint coins is both a long time, goods of the few and much less gain). Three Kingdoms period, many places have been degraded as a natural economy, but in the Wei rule region, in addition to occasionally deal with Zhuge Liang, fairly peaceful, agricultural recovery, re-circulation of goods, or even
'd acclaimed Liu Bei, Shu engage in a complex monetary system, without the word penny, half the money of two, five baht money, goods spring, straight five hundred baht, of which Compared with Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang is not Wei, Shu and Wu Sanguo full, Shu weakest point of view from the terrain should also be on the defensive, Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang was five times (not the Ky Son), run out of strength, I also died of the original journey of Wu Zhang.
any case the interpretation of the history of pen as a mountain, our witness.
no money
265 AD Western Jin Dynasty, the grandson of Cao Huan Cao Cao was forced abdication of Emperor Wudi, when Cao Cao's son Cao Pi is so against Han Xiandi, do not know will think that Cao Cao . No matter how evaluation, Jin dynasty was finally established, 265 AD Emperor Wudi emperor, known as the Western.
Jin dynasty dynasty is a very strange, because he did not coin.
no coins it does not matter, in theory, Wei Jin dynasty can be as old as the Han Dynasty used the money, or use the Wu, Shu old money. In fact, not the case.
because, Sima Yan strong economic sense, but not how to make money ways commendable. the auspices of codification
Sima Yan, expressly provides for atonement money of the Chinese emperor. At the time, Lu praise do The official position
hand, is one of Emperor Wudi of the ways to make money.
time, Sima Yan Liu Yi asked the State sub-libation:
Emperor Wu of Han or Guangwu, but Liu Yi answered completely defeated the Emperor Wudi:
to himself
buying are mostly wealthy gentry, Emperor Wudi who do not kill them to kill, anyway, is not sold to you, you have nothing, get hold of official Dangdang, not as I get Liangqian.
in the Han dynasty, farmers may not be tax dependent gentry. Well, from the beginning, the court will not collect taxes according to land area (land tax),bailey UGG boots, to collect taxes according to the head (D Fu), no matter money or not, old and young, men and woman, is a human have to pay one, from Now farmers can no longer be tax-free attachment Nobles, then why attached to you, Maiguan,
Sima Yan is not a stupid person, Maiguan hug money, tax reform, and another meaning.
Han, Wei era Sima Yi himself claimed Conditions at the time, obviously not a direct killing Nobles, Nobles imperial forces also need to rely on to maintain their rule, but the forces of Emperor Wudi Nobles can not look at the challenges the imperial power, he took out of the way to weaken the economic strength of gentry.
only undermine the economic strength is not enough Nobles. At the local forces, and since the Qin and Han Emperor Wudi of a virtual anti-sealing system, sealing the royal family close to the king and restore the feudal, want to train the royal family against the Nobles; in the central government, generous rewards gentry royal or suppress high door.
Nobles and royalty disputes, succession on the throne in the Emperor Wudi finally broke out.
under the , and certainly original, not copied. Sima Sima Yan Zhong want to destroy, Queen Young strongly opposed on the grounds of crown prince must be stand long.
In fact, there is no such a high Young's consciousness, so Sima Zhong Li, because he too stupid, she ascended the throne after the upgrade by the Queen Dowager, masters of the people. Again, Young is the Emperor Wudi to improve high-first in the powerful family from the great families married back.
Sima Yan Yang VS VS Queen = royal gentry.
Sima Sima Yan Liang Chao Colonial dying, but the Testament to Yang Jun Yang (Young's brother) Colonial. The first round of the great noble victory. Sima Zhong
idiot finally reached the throne. Nobles came to power era, the world becomes a mess.
The most stupid scene.
In fact, the gentry of this era has been a declining gentry into the official children by patriarch, by the relationship, though not rule out the capable, but most unlikely of touch. This is not to say that Gentry to the children of nothing, the first transmission gate, gentry scholars since the standard for generations, known as sages read the book, let them to do specific work it is difficult for them. Nobles from the heart, despise the children of
, for example, However, people may not be a good calligraphy is a good officer, the duties of the king is the emblem of the cavalry to join the army chief of staff of the equivalent of the Royal Horse Guards, a cavalry commander (Juji General) Huanchong asked him:
is doing work Chief of Staff of the Royal Horse Guards
actually think of themselves as pimps, it is estimated that Chinese and foreign history is also the only one.
Sima Yan raised him by royal forces training, gains and losses Gentry was abrupt, and Death. Young's power, although Gentry achieved initial success in the struggle, but it is centralized in Chinese history section of the most incompetent, corrupt officialdom, Gentry officials only know how to talk about metaphysics.
At this time, Emperor Wudi of the royal family finally showing packet power, which is famous in Chinese history However, the decline of royal power are the war, the northern nomadic tribes rose up and finally led to five random China Yellow River Basin, mixed Sixteen States melee.
AD 318, the Sima family was rushed to the Ye City, Sima Rui in Ye City emperor, known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
in the above picture, the can not see the circulation of commodities, economic evolution, Wei has been the only remaining building of the results that were squandered away, once-powerful Qin Handi country, not even to the Western Jin Dynasty currencies are mixed no more.
the second round, royalty, gentry all flop.
Liu Song's two second debate competition
Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties (317 -589) of 5 in southern China have been a regime change, in addition to Emperor Wu Xiao Hou Yan during the reign of King of chaos, who have basically replaced the absolute advantage, not because the rulers of change in southern China large-scale armed conflict, the Southern economy and therefore a certain degree of business recovery.
However, that's the majority of transactions still Gu Bo in kind, to do business there had to back a pile of grain, cloth. Can not do anything, ah, hurried retreat, eat and drink in the best really, really did something no one would believe you. No matter how modern scholars denounced the then ruler of militarism, exploitation of farmers, but one thing is certain: in a larger geographical area, not a single merchant or group more credit than the rulers, though the rulers themselves are not very a credit.
view of the rulers there credit, the Southern Emperor Wen Liu Yilong, the Mint problem was a turning point. AD 460 began to cast four years, Liu Yilong baht money, not so much a pioneering spirit Liu Yilong, mainly his credit is better than some of us, with four baht money than a good run around back and forth carrying grain cloth.
Liu Yilong rather kind, and said the money cast four baht, that is, four baht, that did not cut corners. However, in addition to four baht outside money was used along with former Suozhu five baht money. Four and five baht baht money that money is more expensive? To address this issue carried out two debates Liu Song Dynasty.
debate: one two four five baht baht should be used when you
square debater: Liu Yigong, Title: Royal Highness; Shen speech of, Title: Kyoto Garrison Commander (in the leader).
Opposition debater: He is still the, position: Deputy Prime Minister Cabinet (Book of Order).
now be heard by the Friends of square debate.
Liuyi Gong: the people's production and life since the Eastern Jin Dynasty has been greatly improved, especially in business has been rapid development, now need to expand the central government intervened in the currency circulation, if the value of two four-five baht baht, and that the central government neither with the cost of copper, but also can expand the currency, the great benefits the country is a good thing.
Conclusion: a five-baht should be equal to two four baht.
now be heard by the Friends of Anti-Party Debate:
He is still probably the first generation of the quantity theory of money, he raised in the debate: a country's currency does not change the number of how many goods, the quantity of money just change the commodity prices. If a five-baht when the baht with two five, and now wisdom is not open, you get out of the two currencies, the mass resolution is unclear, a variety of currency in circulation will also affect people's production and life. For example, Wang Mang's 28 kinds of currency is very far off the mark, the final result subjugation.
Conclusion: a five-baht money should not be equal to two four-baht money.
after debate, the host Liu Yilong announced: Friends of square debate win, the site of his money on a five-baht money can be used when the two four baht.
be fair, Liu Yilong not cast less than the value of money, because the five baht nor his cast, so-called five-baht coin money is former issue, he did not cash in from. However, another problem is that the hands of five baht more money from the rich, of course, well-represented by Liu Yilong. Change currency suddenly announced, with a wealth of five baht cash to immediately doubled.
SONG EMPEROR XIAOWU Di Dynasty (AD 457), the time to take the throne that Liu Chun. At this point, experienced the creation of his father Liu Yigong Debate
second place.
debate: Private money can be cast up
square debater: Shen, The, Title: The senior officers (Shixing owned High), educational qualification outrageous, he is illiterate.
Opposition debater: Yan Jun, office: governor (Danyang Yin); Liu Yigong, Title: Royal Highness.
square first debate of the Friends of Shen, presented their point of view.
Shen, the original market is probably the first one to teach the illiterate fundamentalist economists, but still instructive in the debate of free casting bad money, that is: lack of value of the coins cast, under the guidance should be official casting, the officials need to pay 30% of the original five-baht money in circulation, four baht all the money deposited by the official. If I let the private coinage, coins, circulation to jump, do not worry no copper, the market will be more prosperous. For the above reasons, guidance can be cast private money, such as two baht currency.
Conclusion: Money can be private casting.
now be heard by the Friends of anti-party debate. Friends of the square
debate is wrong, is the key to solve financial difficulties closure, such as the emperor Liu Chun's beauty can not engage in the problem, to increase the supply of copper, bronze civil forfeiture should be considered first, not casting less than the value of coins. As for the freedom of casting two baht coins, the search is a disastrous idea, break is not feasible (no solution at the lack of officials, and people Jianqiao Daxing, the world of goods, the extravagant pieces to do.)
Conclusion: Money can not be private casting.
pretty little head Liu Jun, Shen Dali did it. After the debate, he agreed to debate the anti-side view of the Friends, said private money can not be cast.
Unfortunately, ah, Shen, the idea of this search was finally adopted the Song Emperor Fei Liu Yu, two baht money openly come out, and finally do a Casting this stage the currency later known as baht money, but also can continue to be depreciated, the nerve to say
that I rule the world ten years, when the same price of gold and soil
Xiaodao Cheng (AD 427 ~ 482 years) was destroyed Songshun Di Liu standards, the establishment of the Southern Qi dynasty. It can be said Xiao Daocheng is a good emperor, he had made under the Vision, Southern Qi Liguo However, only 23 years (AD 479 ~ 502 years), but it is a founding monarch Xiao Daocheng such thing as a British Lord, but Liu Song
Xiao Daocheng see the drawbacks of the currency, In the policy process, he set up Stephen House, to buy copper, carbon, ready to coinage, as he prepared a big time, got sick and died.
This is a very frustrating thing.
To be there as the founding father, first must climb out from the pile of dead, it is not Sima Yan; later, have to get rid of the heroes who go the same way to conquer the world, after all, these guys hold a knife handle origin, very tricky, such as the Han emperor; then again, but also clean up the mess left by the former dynasty, so that People recuperate; Finally, be possible to carry out their political ideals.
for Xiao Daocheng for all the things done to the rest of grand plans, disease has to his life, this is the .
to ascend the throne was the son of Qi Wudi Xiaodao Cheng Xiao Ze, Ze Xiao Yongming only 10 years (490 years) had cast a currency is only one coin Southern Qi. Xiao Ze do so in a way deliberately, to the Sun two years (AD 485) a value of probably only tens of meters of stone money, a silk worth only 300 money, Legend of deflation.
However, Xiao Ze to do this will not to The goods, cheap money, a large part of the Southern Qi tax money, or converted into real currency, in this mystery. SONG Yong Liu
early years (AD 420-422) of a cloth market price of 600 money 500 money off taxes, to the Qi Wudi a cloth market is only 100 money 500 money off taxes still, no reason to overpayment of four cloth, this figure is a bit outrageous, lack of money more than the black cast. Work in the tax practice, the court received only round money and a lot of money, mostly through private money in circulation cut chisel, chisel cut to two when the money can only be one or the money payable for 1000, and finally to the 1700 base to get their money.
about this approach is too dark, Sun Xiao Ze even ordered four rule descendants can not be changed,
four hundred and eighty three
Southern Temple, the number of money lending in the early Qin Dynasty
when Tianzhu Asoka sent Buddhist monks to begin missionary work in China; the Western Han Dynasty there are many historical records of Buddhism; to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhism in China has been quite prosperous.
civilians and the royal family would be unfair, unreasonable and can not explain what happened, but to varying degrees. Such as the fate of Liu Song imperial family, their home became the emperor Liu Yu total of 158 men born: son killed his father in 1, Chen Jun, 4 killed, fratricide in 103, killed by others, 6, and most people by their own brother, nephew and uncle to the killed. As Sima Qian Sima Qian's lament,
person died in the war, it is tragic, the problem is often the emperor was killed, let alone the ordinary people. Do not be afraid,UGG boots, if you believe in Buddhism, then, the Buddha will tell you that your spirit is immortal, they were not killed is because last Jide (proper way joined in death, God go Futang, lived and evil, God When the calamity, the causal cycle, retribution hell), but also the spirit of reincarnation, but how to mix my next life, we must see you in this life is not nice that the.
Buddhism to the fortune or misfortune to depend a reason, good. To over reason, we need to accumulate virtue in their daily life to avoid suffering the next life.
even the most devout Buddhists have to eat, that era has not appeared in the Buddhist scriptures, According to the teachings of Pure Land Buddhism, merit must be overhauled to please the Buddha, that is the most Jide thing is to engage in the basic construction of Buddhism, such as the construction of large statues, ah, ah big temple, and only so that it can help promote Buddhism, can help the practice.
Buddha building standards are: There is no maximum, only higher.
on construction must have money, ah, what means money in construction, the Buddha and the monks do not really came down to get some money flower.
In fact, the monks of that era of fast food can not be expected, since many temples, only the capital of Xiao Qi (Ye) to sit there more than 2800 temples, monks and nuns eighty-two thousand people to support, together with those of monks and nuns spectacular will take to the streets to beg alms, the Buddha did not face a small matter, by the charity must not make a living these monks.
Needless to say, not as good as Southern and Northern Monkey magic monks; Admittedly, they face more than Goku. Southern temple is very rich, such as the Northern Wei Dynasty Chang'an, one third of the real estate is the temple property, than it is now a real estate company of any cattle.
believe in the Buddha temple, the main business of salvation, how it should be, it seems very Kaopu real estate franchise. Zhou Ji, the monks thought of others, the business name is called And
However, we do not think they believe in the Buddha temple, really big hair kindness for everyone to charity, the monks have no surplus at home. Northern Wei period (AD 511), the Xuanwu Di Yuan Ke edict, decree provided for the temple benchmark interest rate loans, interest, total may not exceed 100% of the principal (interest income over the country, not re-sign responsibility), high interest rates is evident.
those days and no court can be enforced, so the Northern and Southern temples also face non-performing loans, but the monks solved the problem quickly to high strength is not their magic, but often for their debt is official.
disrespect to the Buddha not a big problem yet, because to wait for the next life to retribution. Official would not listen, the problem is big, soon there will be retribution. Civilians without ability to repay debt to the land and even individuals, such as Raja lending also see the case may be, if it is popular politicians, half by half to send, if it is to get some second-tier real estate red cadres consumer bad debts. Even the emperor have come to the temple monks, and would like to go back and have to raise a ransom money (such as making the deflation of the Emperor Wu), the ransom is not less lines (said to have hundreds of millions of money), afraid you were the second-line cadres.
Zen Buddhism too
cattle, cattle to a threat to the interests of the emperor.
man Dounong went to the Buddha, monks say it is the monks, nuns, and said bluntly that servant, and not taxes. Emperor this life merit further large, but the next life, or when the emperor, so do law, too bad for the emperor's life. The emergence of Zen
solved this problem. This is a foreign religion, Buddhism, Tianzhu transfer alone can not truly Christians spread in China, not to challenge indigenous Taoism, Buddhism continued as the integration with the local culture, and finally formed a school of Buddhism with Chinese characteristics - Zen. Compared with Pure Land Buddhism, Zen ethics with Chinese characteristics, value, and more mature.
Zen is really good, because if Zen Buddhists believe in, it will not tell the emperor to stealing money, seats and seize territory, looting grain.
Zen the most critical people, places, and the Shaolin Temple is Dharma ancestors.
However, people know more because Dharma ancestors in the famous Shaolin martial arts martial arts, Shaolin martial arts is said to pass from the Dharma. Dharma ancestors, is really the originator of Shaolin skills, the problems can not be ascertained. His real name is However, the Zen is authentic Chinese-style religion, Dharma, before the creation of Liangzhou Zen Dharma will It means: people who do not desire to be happy, only elimination of worldly desires, to discover their true pursuit.
no Buddha in this world can not desire, you are a Buddha.
- Mani that the rubble of the fans, suddenly conscious that pearl.
four
usury Ethical Analysis
everywhere in the world usury, money lending, starting from when actually, the same can not be verified. However, Southern and Northern Dynasties, did a lot of records on usury. At that time the name of usury is
have a loan-sharking records of the early Southern, non-production of high levels of both lenders and borrowers: lenders are left guarding the Eastern Jin Li Yang Kui Diao government to join the army, the guarantor is a minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Gu Ming Wang Mi, and the borrower is more cattle, Liu Yu Liu Song Dynasty founder, but when the borrower was a little bully.
Liu Yu was born a slave, a young man still very poor, estimated to be holding the dream of getting rich, with a well-off local gambling during the thirty Kui Liu Yu Diao money on credit, the results lost. This is the next big trouble, because the thirty Diao Kuei, borrowing money, is usury. Liu Yu
not paying the money, the results are tied to the hitching post Diao Kui on the bitter fight, thanks be to see Mi Wang, also a loss for him, or that the dynasties of China Liu Song no. The money back to Wang Liu Yu Mi was not sure, but not losses Wang Mi, as Liu Yu became the emperor did not kill the native country minister, but also for his care for me. As for Diao Kui is not how lucky fortune in the beginning of Liu Yu took him killed. As at usurious interest rates
really too dark. Is a short-term borrowing, pay back the money is long, short, long term is not stock, but to string a rope of money, short-term short rope, about 30% shorter than normal, long-term rather long, about 20% longer than normal. Estimated by the 100 people who can not afford the money to real estate, land leases as collateral,UGG shoes, are mingled in this sake, and that to the real estate lease, ah, if there will not have to borrow money.
how money has, ah, creditors will sell at this time, the debtor's wife, women, and even the debtor's own debt. See here, to remind you not to think of Yang Bailao, even if creditors are goat, debt is not necessarily beautiful wife and daughters, from the farmers into debt slaves, become a concubine more tragic than the fate of, with Athens an agricultural
Dynasties period, the debt is a serious problem slaves, Yau Wei Xiao Zhuang Di Motoko announced imperative (AD 529), for the abolition of his jurisdiction on the ground all the public and private debt (public and private debt has a negative Zhu, Xi Jie forbidden, not sign).
Motoko Yau was the starting point is good, but the results do not ask, definitely not work.
Southern officials also see the small farmers burdened with debt, try to change this situation, but this is not a decree, but the fraud.
officer may consider the reputation of this very worried Gu covet, covet the thought looking back now son:
Officer, you debt collection difficult, and as you contract the debt to me, I am here to receive you. Gu Chuo
or young ah, probably never thought his father would be flicker adults, he took his father gave all debt contracts. Gu covet the success of the debt contract to get his son, but he did not for his son to collect the debt but to all debt contracts to burn it, and declared that the money owed to my son, without requiring his promises.
care so long for the dry, at least in history to win blue name, has been to educate modern bureaucracy, not greedy for money, ah, you see people care covet it.
However, neither the emperor's Motoko Yau as a consultant or local officials covet it, their efforts can not really change the living conditions of those liabilities. From East to West, from the rulers of ancient dynasties to the general civilian population, on usury hated it, that usury is a crush, why collect so much interest?
But when life is threatened, although the outcome may be miserable after that debt, to address the urgent needs at that time, borrowers have a choice? Of course, the kind of care can be a fire burned covet the IOU, can we expect the debt of all creditors are burning up the credentials. Although usury was dark, but that is a credit, has its own reason for existence. Even if a piece of paper can cancel existing debt Dahir, it will do in the future do not exist on the ground throughout the Northern problem with borrowing.
can not, because since it is capital, we will certainly look for the highest return, but sometimes this kind of return would destroy human dignity. For thousands of years, people continue to resist the capital, the temptation of conscience: In China, Motoko Yau repeal the public and private debt; in Athens, Solon introduced the These are as human beings is the soul, in addition to the pursuit of interests, but also the pursuit of social ideal.
At this point, is still very limited capacity of human existence, often pressing usury slavery, and even threatening to death. The debtor is pitiful, but this situation is not extreme terror, the real challenge is not terrible secular power, by plundering the wealth of power, then to suffer more than just the debtor has. After Past
aristocratic
Qin Handi is a typical centralized country, followed, Wei has evolved into distinct colors Nobles decentralized system. Do not want to focus on is not the imperial power, it is there is too little time imperial power, since the Eastern Jin dynasty, not because of the change of rage, but the absolute strength of the original dynasty, snatched the throne characters.
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